Wednesday, January 22, 2020

Joe Jackson and the Black Sox Scandal Essay -- Shoeless Joe Jackson Ba

Joe Jackson and the Black Sox Scandal For anyone who knows anything about baseball, the 1919 World Series brings to mind many things. "The Black Sox Scandal of 1919 started out as a few gamblers trying to get rich, and turned into one of the biggest, and easily the darkest, event in baseball history" (Everstine 4). This great sports scandal involved many, but the most memorable and most known for it was Joe Jackson. The aftermath of the great World Series Scandal left many people questioning the character of Joe Jackson and whether or not he should have relations thereafter with baseball. There is still question today whether or not to let Joe into the Hall of Fame. Many people still question whether or not, Joe Jackson was involved in "The Black Sox Scandal of 1919." "The scandal even left its own legacy that is still inciting arguments among fans today: the fate of "Shoeless" Joe Jackson" (Everstine 3). As the word was being spread to "bet on the Reds", (Everstine 3), an astronomical amount of money was needed to make the payoff to all involved, including the baseball players of the White Sox who were participating in the scandal. Before the beginning of the game on that ‘scandalous’ day, Joe Jackson begged the owner of the White Sox; Charles Comiskey to listen to him in regards to the fix of the game that was about to happen. The evidence was proven that Jackson had even asked to be benched for the series to avoid any suspicion of his involvement in the fix. Unfortunately, Comiskey did not listen to Jackson. "Heavy betting was taking place" (Everstine 3). The game was played, after being fixed; the White Sox lost, even though there were seventeen other players on the team that attempted to do their best. Despite their best efforts, the "fix was successful" (Everstine 3). "As many fans sat in the stands and watched the game, they were not able to tell that the game had been fixed and thrown for the benefit of the Reds and the gamblers" (Everstine 3). Joe Jackson knew of the ‘fix’. Jackson did not take the financial padding that was offered to him. In the sixth game, "Jackson made two hits and nailed a Cincinnati runner at the plate with a perfect throw" (Gies and Shoemaker 58). "In fact, the Black Sox on the whole actually made a better showing in t... ...ty years since his incident. That incident does not seem as bad a spitting in someone’s face. "Joe was banned for life by Judge Landis, and his life is over so give the man his due place in baseball history" (Everstine 4). "He went on to say that many Hall of Fame players also support Joe’s induction into the Hall" (Everstine4). The preceding was stated by Ted Williams, a baseball great and also a member of the Hall of Fame. "Eighty years after the World series that resulted in Shoeless Joe Jackson’s lifetime ban from baseball, the House of Representatives passed a resolution calling for him to be honored" (AP B4). Shoeless Joe was indicted by a Federal Jury, and even they think he deserves the credit he is due. By passing this resolution, the House took its first step towards making the famous Shoeless Joe a Hall of Fame inductee. "Although throwing ball games was not a crime in Illinois, Landis said, Jackson’s confe ssion barred him . . ." (Seymour 331). Even though the law stated that these players had actually committed a crime, Judge Landis saw it as dishonorable and disrespectful to all of baseball, so he punished the accused harshly.

Monday, January 13, 2020

Opportune the future Social Issues

Whether your elbows feel offended if they are asked to leave the table, or your fingernails constantly suffer from being the victims of your mouth, bad habits, will always haunt us. It is not easy to totally eliminate or cease continuance of these habits. However, what we need to do to get rid of our habits, is to maintain the ability to weigh the pros and cons of our dreadful practices. More importantly, we need to keep our nation, and our people away from the horrid habit of marijuana usage. It is not necessary to say yes. It is not necessary to encourage legalization. As of today, the nation stands behind three basic ideas of what to do with marijuana; legalize it, make it legal for medicinal purposes only, or keep it as it is, illegal. Through the development of society and the advancement of technology, humankind has constructed many ways to make bad habits appear good. Many argue that the legalization of marijuana will improve our economy, and aid those suffering from diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis and various cancers. This article is designed to cut through the fog of misinformation and manipulation with cold, hard facts. The proposal of legalization has been approached without carefully considering the negative impingement on a person's psyche, one's societal values, the impact on a person's health, and the detrimental effect on one's basic ethics and morals. When the issue of legalization is debated, the medical aspects are always the first factor that is brought into the light of day, while other imperative portions of the issue are left to lie in the dust. Though when it is looked upon, there are many aspects concerning marijuana that can be considered harmful. When marijuana is consumed, it is taken into the body and affects the brain directly, disabling it to think normally. When someone on a â€Å"high† is spoken to, they seem very relaxed and carefree. This, to some may be a positive effect but in reality has been thought of as a definite negative. Paranoia and panic invade the users mind, giving them an unreal perception of reality. Short-term memory, coordination, learning, and problem solving are all factors that negatively affect the brain. How can all these destructive ideas be good? How can the unpleasant possibly succumb and overtake the â€Å"supposed† positives†? Marijuana is a very potent chemical compared to other psychoactive drugs. All the effects listed previous are long term, damaging effects that an individual will be left with. If a person were to use marijuana for medicinal purposes, it can be proposed that in the short term it may be doing good, but in the long term, with all the side effects being left behind; the arguments in support outweigh the disadvantages. The damaging effects of this drug have short-term effects as well, that disturbs and contorts the minds thinking. Research shows that marijuana is not physically addictive, but it can be psychologically addictive. When a person believes he or she is addicted, the feeling stems into a higher usage causing a cycle of detrimental effects. Some short term effects that may be caused by the dangerous drug are problems with memory and learning, distorted perception, difficulty with thinking and problem solving, loss of coordination, increased heart rate, anxiety, paranoia and panic attacks. All these things clutter the mind causing chaos and can lead to dreadful occurrences. Staring at all the things that are able to happen to the mind psychologically, gives the understanding that just because it may be useful in one case does not mean it will be valuable in senses of the overall case. With this said, the question of legalizing marijuana comes into play. Looking at the facts laid out in front of you thus far, the conclusion of what to decide can be made easy. Ethics are defined as a set of principles concerning correct conduct and moral values. One must realize that every single person has a different interpretation of ethics. However, how can society conclude that legalizing marijuana is ethical? It stands to reason that if this behaviour is currently prohibited by law and follows with a severe punishment, it must be widely and clearly judged to be immoral. Canada is on the verge of facing a drug problem, and this problem extends towards all citizens. The children of today, the future leaders of our society will be open to drug usage because inevitably, marijuana smoking will be just as common as the smoking of cigarettes. And why will the government let children grow up in a legal drug-abusing world? Only for selfish and immoral reasons like money. The most potent question to ask is; if marijuana is legalized, is it really worth it to throw all known morals into the trash, and let children be nurtured in a drug filled society? Marijuana promotion is also unethical. If this drug is legalized it will also be promoted, maybe not directly but just the fact of legalization will affect the decisions of millions worldwide. Rules and regulations are what hold civilizations together. When rules are broken there is a certain shaking of the society in consequence of the broken rule. If marijuana is legalized, there will be no more rules to enforce the usage of the drug, thus slowly leading to a deterioration of society. To legalize or not to legalize? That is the question. A question that is running through many peoples' thoughts. The legalization of marijuana is a controversial debate that may never satisfy those in favour of it and against, in the end. Although the final decision is one made by the Ontario Government the impact the new law will have on society is heavily taken into consideration because of the influential role Marijuana has on our modern day society. The legalization of marijuana will have a negative impact on our society mainly because it becomes an invitation for children and adults to use the drug regularly. Children are not one to argue with what is legal, giving them an incentive to smoke marijuana as they do cigarettes negatively effecting their education and future. Although there are many children using marijuana, as it remains illegal, the difficulty of getting a hold of the drug and using it continues to be high. Some people argue that the legalization of this drug will increase the economic conditions of our nation not taking into account the increase in the number of people dependent on the drug. Thereby increasing the amount of money needed to run drug addiction programs, welfare for those who spend away their lifesavings on the drug and an increase for hospital beds and emergency rooms for those who get themselves overdosed or in a medical bind because of the drug. Where would the government find the time and money to support the needs and uses of marijuana? Through a social perspective the legalization of marijuana is detrimental to our society as it corrupts the lives of our children who are our future. When marijuana enters the bloodstream it acts significantly on the brain and the nervous system. Many physical effects take place such as; the heart rate is elevated from an average of 70 beats per minute to 130 or more due to the marijuana smoke containing carbon monoxide. This smoke impairs the oxygen carrying ability of the blood resulting in extra stress placed on the heart because it must work harder to move the blood throughout the body. Marijuana smoke also contains high amounts of tars and irritating chemicals, which damage the throat, windpipe, and lungs. Fungus infections have been found in 50% of marijuana smokers in a study at the University of Wisconsin. These infections (caused by aspergillis fungus) may lead to allergies or serious lung infections from inhaling the fungal spores into the lungs. In addition, marijuana also affects the body's system of fighting infection and its production of hormones, which control important body activities. You begin to have trouble with motor skills, walking, talking, and coordination. It is clear that there are many powerful and complicated immediate effects, which take place when marijuana is absorbed into the bloodstream. This leaves an individual unaware of his/her surroundings and actions, thus making them unfit to make decisions on their own. In addition, smoked marijuana contains more than four hundred different chemicals, including most of the hazardous chemicals found in tobacco smoke. However, a substance called Marinol has been developed for patients who suffer from diseases marijuana can ease. This substance has been studied and approved by the medical community and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the nation's watchdog over unsafe and harmful food and drug products. There are no FDA-approved medications that are smoked. Though many persistently argue that medicinal marijuana will relieve the pain of those who suffer from various diseases, it is clearly proven that they are wrong. In essence, marijuana does not need to be legalized for medicinal purposes. There is already an FDA approved drug being administered to those who need it. Legalization for even medicinal purposes will not drastically ease pain. Ironically, the smoking of this drug threatens to increase the health issues of these patients. Marijuana has often been touted as one of the safest recreational substances available. This is perhaps true. Nonetheless, It would be fallacious to conclude that because the chemicals in marijuana have been found to present fewer dangers than some very harmful substances, the medical or recreational use of marijuana is perfectly safe. In fact, it is simply ridiculous. These arguments and presumptions concerning the legalization of marijuana are more fictitious than a fairy tale. In fact, legalizing marijuana will cause a deterioration of one's health rather than restoring it. There is still a great deal of research to be done concerning the effects of marijuana on humans. This is due to the fact that widespread marijuana use has only become prevalent in this country within the last two or three decades. Therefore, the effects of long-term use are just beginning to become apparent. Should Marijuana be legalized? It is evident that many people who support this bill generally try to construct this horrid habit into something good. Psychologically, ethically, socially and medically, studies and debates are continually pointing a thumbs-down sign for the plan of marijuana legalization to be executed.

Sunday, January 5, 2020

John Broadus Watson The Father Of Behaviorism Essay

John Broadus Watson, also known as the father of behaviorism, is a very well known psychologist. He is most known for Behaviorism. Born to Emma and Pickens Watson on January 9th, 1878 in South Carolina. His parent’s were extremely different being how his mother was a very religious Christian while his father was more of a drinker and had marital affairs and in 1891 left his family (Watson 1999). John was very disrespectful in school. There were incidents where John assaulted other students, particularly, black students. He would even ridicule his own teacher. John took a turn for the worst when he was arrested for violent behavior on two different occasions (Weiland 2005). John being as smart as he was, left at 16 to attend Furman University where he obtained his masters degree. Upon the arrival at Furman University he was able to get his life back on track with the help of his teacher, Gordon Moore (Watson 1999). Moore was the reason why John excelled from Furman straight int o the University of Chicago. At the University of Chicago, John majored in psychology and minored in philosophy and neurology. Nonetheless, that didn’t slow him down because he obtained his Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Chicago, in which he did the dissertation on the relationship between behavior in the white rat and the growth of its nervous system. In 1903 Watson obtained his doctorate from the University of Chicago (Watson 1999). John was able to teach and assistant at the University ofShow MoreRelatedJohn Broadus Watson : The Son Of Emma And Pickens Watson1007 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Broadus Watson was born near Greenville, South Carolina on January 9, 1878. He was the son of Emma and Pickens Watson. In the year 1891, John and the rest of his family was left behind by his father, complicating everything. Given the situations that his family was very poor, everything then became different for them. Since his father left his family, Watson held a long-life resentment towards him. He had hatred told his father for a long time for abandoning him. As a young child, John BroadusRead MoreFather Of Behaviorism : Broadus Watson935 Words   |  4 PagesFather of Behaviorism: Broadus Watson During the late 19th century and early 20th century, psychology was defined as the study of the human mind had an emphasis on introspection (Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2015). After this period of time, psychologists began to criticize the validity of introspection as a method of study (McLeod, 2008). This doubt sparked new ideals and lead the field of psychology to be revolutionized. This new revolution was lead by John Broadus Watson, who is often thoughtRead MoreJohn Broadus Watson : An Experimental Study On The Psychical Development Of The White Rat1622 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Broadus Watson, the father of Behaviorism, was born in South Carolina on January 9, 1878 to Emma and Pickens Watson. John grew up in a mixed up household, his father was a known drinker while his mother was a devout Christian. Although he took after his father and got himself into some trouble growing up, he managed to gain admission to Furman College at age sixteen. Upon graduation from Fu rman, one of John’s professors turned mentor Gordon Moore helped him make the next step, and the followingRead More John Watson2019 Words   |  9 PagesWatson’s life history John Broadus Watson was a famous American psychologist who lived between the year 1878 and 1958. He was born in a place called Greenville in South Carolina. John’s father was called Pickens and Emma was his mother and he was their fourth born child. The family was not well of financially they just lived in poverty. In spite of the poverty that engulfed the family, John’s father turned to be a habitual drunkard who cared less for his family. However, Emma John’s mother wasRead MoreThe John B Watson s Life860 Words   |  4 Pages` John B Watson In 1878 John B Watson was born to Emma and Pickens Watson. A poor family in Greenville, South Carolina, his mother was very religious. John s father, with whom he was closer, did not follow the same rules of living as his mother. He drank, had extra-marital affairs, and left in 1891. Eventually John married Mary Ikes whom he met at the University of Chicago. Together they had two children, Mary and John. And, like his father, had affairs with a number of women. John and Mary finallyRead More John B. Watson2181 Words   |  9 PagesJohn Broadus Watson was a famous American psychologist who lived between 1878 and 1958. He was born in Greenville, South Carolina to Pickens and Emma Watson and was the fourth of six children. The family was not well off financially and John did not have an easy childhood. In spite of the poverty that engulfed the family, John’s father turned into an alcoholic who cared less for his family. However, Emma, John’s mother was a devoted religiou s woman who struggled to take care of her children withRead MoreTaking a Closer Look at Behaviorists Essay1963 Words   |  8 Pagesbehavior. â€Å"Behaviorism is a worldview that assumes a learner is essentially passive, responding to environmental stimuli. The learner starts off as a clean slate and behavior is shaped through positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement. Both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement increase the probability that the antecedent behavior will happen again. The study of only behavior in Psychology is called Behaviorism. The Psychologists who study the school of Behaviorism go by the titleRead More B. F. Skinner Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pagesin Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. His mother, Grace M. Burrhus, was a stenographer and a secretary, in a law office and later in a railroad chief executives office. His father, William A. Skinner, was an attorney, who studied law with another local attorney at a New York Law School. Skinners parents were both good students. His father had bought several sets of books, so there was a lot of reading material their children. Skinner said that his parents never used physical punishment, except for theRead MoreOrigins of Behaviorism Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesOrigins of Behaviorism Behaviourism originated with the work of John B. Watson from 1913. BehaviourismRead MoreHistory of Psychology Paper1294 Words   |  6 Pagesmental processes during the fourth and fifth centuries B.C. This process is known as Psychology. These three philosophers questioned Aristotle, during the fourth and fifth centuries B.C. Hippocrates was a Greek physician that was also called the father of medicine. Hippocrates was very interested in the study of the living organism and its parts. He observed how the brain controlled various parts of the body. Hippocrates medical ethics are now reflected upon by many physicians. This gave rise

Saturday, December 28, 2019

The School Act Of Building Student s Sexuality And Gender

Political systems The school acts as an important agent of building student’s sexuality and gender. According to Pascoe, high school acts as a primary socialization institution, and is central to building gender and sexuality in the society. The school administration seems to oppose the expressive behavior of teenagers. School officials uses their power to set up dress code, rules for appropriate behavior, and also on language, in order to promote a culturally constructed â€Å"healthy† environment in the campus. The school, in this case, plays a role of government and a leadership position. They have the monopoly over the use of force, although further regulated by the federal government, it suffices to control and regulate students.†¦show more content†¦These gender specific instructions intersects with racial specific instructions and inevitably shape the minds of these students at River High, of what is masculine, feminine, natural, weak, queer and so on. Authority figures like coaches or popular teachers are also crucial in telling teenagers what is masculine and feminine. They come to direct contact with the students day to day. Their authority allows them to â€Å"cause others to act based on characteristics such as honor, status, respect† according to Nada and Warms (209). Their behavior and opinion are more easily accepted and incorporated by the students. When a coach mocks his students in a male auto-shop class for not being strong enough, or precise enough, the coach establishes a standard for the class that â€Å"boys are supposed to be strong, precise, smart, systematic† and so on. When a female teacher asks the boys in the class to hand out condoms that they hid in their wallet, she establishes even more complex notion about sex and gender (which will be addressed in the Sex and Gender section). These authority figures discourage certain activities like dressing inappropriately or sexual expression, but they also encourage certain activities. They promote heteronormative practices and they seem to reward students for being â€Å"normal.† A pat on the back or a â€Å"steppin up† for the boys that started dating or students that got their first kiss affirms

Friday, December 20, 2019

Gay Marriage, Abortion, Or Gun Control - 1016 Words

Our world in this day and age is changing. We are not as unaware as we were before. Whether that on social issues like gay marriage, abortion, or gun control. Or issues such as changes in our communities. We are seeing that our world is rapidly changing, one main issue is rights being denied to people. These rights are usually called unalienable rights, these are the rights we are born with. Women all around the world are being denied these rights. Yes, I know, feminism is the social, economic, and political equality between men and women. But, we will be focusing on women today. Today, women around the world are facing major inequalities, whether that is the wage gap to being allowed new opportunities. We are finally realizing this is a problem. But, it’s not just women in the 1st world who have these problems, its women in 3rd world countries who need feminism the most. One might claim that feminism is not needed, men and women are equal all around the world. But, that’s not the case. Yes, I won’t deny, we have made progress in making equal stronger between men and women. More and more women around the world are being able to vote and run for office, but many still aren’t able to vote at all. There are still major issues that women are facing. I will inform you of these issues later, but these issues create great obstacles in the lives of these women. They need feminism to allow themselves to get over these obstacles, and there is no denying it. Another might say: â€Å"TheyShow MoreRelatedPresidential Candidates On Controversy Issues957 Words   |  4 Pageswill be addressed are gun laws, abortion, immigration, same sex marriages and taxes. Clinton, opposes gun control laws because it terrorizes people. â€Å"We cannot let a minority of people, and that’s what it is, it is a minority of people, hold a viewpoint that terrorizes the majority of people,† Clinton said during a live CNN town hall. (Miller). Sanders is neutral about the gun laws. He voted against decreasing gun waiting period from 3 days to 1 day, but voted yes on allowing guns in checked baggageRead MoreWhy The Democratic Party Is An Important Part Of America s Society974 Words   |  4 Pagesrepresents the change that America needs. The democratic party best represents an ever-changing society by exemplifying the desires of the citizens as is apparent in their policies in regards to abortion, gun control, and same-sex marriage. To begin with, the Democratic Party is superior in regards to abortion because this party represents citizens more than republicans. In the Democratic standpoint, we believe that it’s a woman’s choice if she wants to keep her child. It shouldn’t be up to politiciansRead MoreCulture Wars: The Struggle to Define America by James Davison Hunter1287 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion, school prayer, gay rights, gun politics and many more are all a part of the list of controversies that divide our country. A culture war is a conflict between groups with different ideals, beliefs, and issues. James Davison Hunter’s book, Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America, shows that these issues â€Å"are not isolated from one another but are part of a fabric of conflict which constitutes nothing short of a struggle over the meaning of America. Unlike the religious and cultural conflictRead MoreThere Are Four Main Ideological Perspectives In The Political1302 Words    |  6 Pagesboth social and economic issues. They also believe that the government should help the people directly and put into place laws and regulations to further protect individuals. They think that government should work to legalize things such as gay marriage and abortion. All in all, they see the government as a way to help those who are disadvantaged be treated equally. They also believe that the government should protect individual and human rights. Conservatives are opposite in a lot of their beliefs.Read MoreThe Democratic And The Republican Parties Dominate American Politics931 Words   |  4 Pagesthe symbol is a donkey and the representing color is blue. Republican is conservative and right – leaning, the symbol is an elephant and the representing color is red. The three political topics that stick out to me the most are abortion, gun control, and gay rights/marriage. The Democratic Party was founded on March 3rd, 1828. The founders of liberal democrats are Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. They became recognized in the mid nineteenth century. Some popular current democrats would beRead MoreGun Control And The Death Penalty1256 Words   |  6 Pageseconomic and social issues. I really got inserted in the gun control and the death penalty. I was put into the category of a moderate. I can relate more to the social issues because I hear more about them. None of the economic issues really interest me. I don’t really want too much government on these issues but there still need to be a good amount. PART II Gun Control For National Rifle Association Vice President Wayne LaPierre and many other pro-gun Americans, the task is clear: The best way to protectRead MoreAmerican Politics : The Democratic And Republican Parties1429 Words   |  6 Pageswithin a nation s borders. The issue Gun Control has been a major debate throughout the past couple years due to the increase of mass shootings in the country, and the two parties have taken staunch opposing positions on Gun laws. Democrats are in favor for more gun control laws and some favor the banning of military and assault style weapons. Republicans are strong advocates for the second amendment in the constitution (right to bear arms) and favor less gun laws, as well as the right to carry concealedRead MoreLake Erie College Essay843 Words   |  4 Pageswas, (races segregated, no gay marriages and etc.) Throughout time our presidential history contained a lot of Democratic candidates in which who held office. This showed how many democrats and republicans differ with social programs, foreign policies, Labor and Free trade, social issues, tax policies. With social issues today the republicans are opposed to gay marriage and â€Å"oppose abortion but promote the right of gun ownership while democrats are open to gay marriage and feel that there is choiceRead MoreSociological Reflection1258 Words   |  6 Pagesstructural-functionalism, social conflict in the American society, and symbolic interactions. Some of the key concepts that are used in structural-functionalism for explaining social facts and events are: order, stability, authority,command, power, control, structure and role. Structural functionalism then explained why Americans manufacture industries are moving to developing countries and many Americans are losing jobs. For example, American manufacturing industries are mo ving to develop countriesRead MoreThe Political Parties Of The United States1183 Words   |  5 Pageslike they are both major parties in the United States. Democratic and Republican parties differ there ideas on major issues such as taxes, the roles in our government, entitlements (Social Security, Medicare), gun control, and most of the time healthcare, and abortion, immigration, and gay rights. These two parties dominate America s political landscape but differ greatly in their philosophies. The democrats want the minimum wage and the progression of taxes, they want

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Free College Admissionss Law, Politics, and Essay Example For Students

Free College Admissionss: Law, Politics, and Essay Skepticism College Admissions EssaysLaw, Politics, and Skepticism My summer internship at United States Senator Connie Macks office, my recent volunteer efforts for a local school board campaign, and my previous volunteer efforts for a gubernatorial campaign are representative of my personal interests and long-range goals. My future ambitions and goals are evidence of my interests in and attraction to such subjects as law and politics. While many people consider these subjects to be uninteresting, I am fascinated by how these topics affect our society. Therefore, it is my desire to study political science while in undergraduate school and then continue my education by attending law school and earning a degree in constitutional law. Ultimately, however, it is my desire to have a career in politics. I sincerely believe that by being actively involved in politics, government and law, I will become better equipped to defend our Judeo-Christian faith from modern skepticism and also better able to serve our nation. Other unrelated interests of mine include athletics, particularly cross-country running and basketball, drama, music, and reading. As far as strengths are concerned, I am respectful of others and their feelings, self-disciplined, considerate, appreciative, and goal-oriented. Also, I sincerely believe in the commandments and moral standards set forth in the Scriptures and try to live accordingly, which I hope makes me a Godly example to my peers. I wish to become even more Christlike and grow to be a man of unquestionable integrity. My weaknesses include difficulty expressing my emotions and a tendency to be a little self-conscious. I am seriously interested in Harvard due to its advocacy of traditional values and principles upon which our nation was founded. This is something that my family has practiced and instilled in me in every area of my life, and I desire to continue to receive this type of leadership training and instruction. An education at Harvard will, I believe, prepare me academically and morally to make a difference for God and our country.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Criminology Crime Prevetion free essay sample

Respond to the questions on the comparative texts on â€Å"beggars† using the perspectives of left/right realism (approx. 500) 1. 1, 2. 1 Q1) Marsland’s article on â€Å"how to sweep these beggars from our streets† fits the right realist approach by assuming that people have chosen to be beggars of their own ‘free will’. He shows this by saying that capitalism and poverty is not the cause of them going begging he refers to them as an ‘intolerable blot’ as he believes them to as being a nuisance and are nothing more than parasites. He says â€Å"their possessive occupation like locusts swarming on the harvest†. He argues that begging should be shamed out of existence but blames the welfare as causing the escalation in begging. As he argues that they do not possess any morals and would advocate the return of the work house as he seems to favour Victorian standards and could also be likened to ‘John Major’s’ ‘back to basics’ speech which took place a year earlier. ( www. guardian. co. k,politics,1993) It could also be said that Marsland believes the beggars to be lacking in intelligence as Wilson and Hernnstein (1985) while looking at circumstances of black Latin Americans were not caused by discrimination but the ‘fact’ that they were born less intelligent. Herrnstein and Murray (1985) extended on this by linking low intelligence with criminality. (Joyce, P. (2006)  Criminal  justice: an introduction to crime and the  criminal  justice  system) Marsland also fits into the right realist approach by playing on the moral fibres of society, by describing them as not possessing the values of hard-working people and therefore creating an ‘us and them culture’. 2) How does Field’s view in Item B differ from the right realist approach? Field’s view differs dramatically from Marsland’s right realist approach as he accepts that the growth of poverty and the lack of work of many young people and their exclusion from mainstream society is a cause of them begging. In the regards to right realism, he takes an opposite view and one could argue that it is left realist approach as it empathises with the situation of the beggars and seeks to understand the problem rather than pushing it to one side. Field sees the beggars as victims of society rather than criminals and also points out that it’s a surprise that there is not more crime in society as he sees begging as a ‘fact of life’ and not a deviance. Field’s view of the behaviour of the beggars is quite the opposite from Marslands as he describes beggars as peaceful and not the aggressive menace Marsland would lead you to believe. Field also says that beggar’s are not behind the sudden dip in morals that seems to be the right realist view. Although Field seem to paint a pretty picture he does not offer any underlying reason for individual reasons for begging such as drug abuse or alcoholism and he also fails to offer any explanations as to why begging occurs in the first place. He also does not suggest any solution to the problems of beggar’s and he just simply accepts their existence. (Joyce, P. (2006)  Criminal  justice: an introduction to crime and the  criminal  justice  system) Task 2 Examine and evaluate key arguments and current debates on crime prevention and control. (approx. 800) 2. 1, 3. 1 There are two types of control in society: formal and informal control. Included in informal control is: friends, family and peer groups. The family offers control by providing us with norms and values and also sets the basis for our morality. Friends and peer groups teach people their role in society and how to conform, as well as socialisation. As friends and peers tend to be of a similar age, therefore individuals tend to relate more to their peers rather than the family. Formal social controls are organisations or systems with rigid rules, ideologies and morals that we obey. Included in formal social control is: religion, education, the mass media, the health service and the legal system. The mass media controls us by creating moral panic and reporting on things that are seen as deviant. Religion is very similar to family as it sets ground rules to norms, values and also morality. Education has been referred to as the hidden curriculum (Bowles and Gintis) as you learn without really thinking about it and teaches morality and citizenship to pupils. The health service teaches people to be concerned and responsible about their health. It can be seen as a positive form of control as people are encouraged to be more conscientious about what they are putting into their bodies. The legal system includes the police and the judicial system and can be seen as the most powerful as they teach people the correct behaviours in society with penalties being enforced if they do not obey. As well as control is prevention. There is primary crime prevention and secondary crime prevention. Primary crime prevention focuses on the environment in which criminal activity occurs. It suggests the best way to reduce crime is to prevent any opportunity of it happening. This is also known as situational crime prevention and works to design out crime. Situational crime prevention is a term used for a group of strategies used to target certain crimes such as vandalism, muggings and rape etc. This became a popular concept in the home office during the 1970’s due to the economics of the time and fell into the right wing ideology. Examples of situational crime prevention are CCTV, Speed bumps, high pressured sodium lighting and mosquito alarms (used to deter gang from hanging round shops). A study in Stoke showed that an improvement in lighting reduced crimes by 26%. A criticism of the study was that displacement could occur. However, the study shows that individuals in the adjacent areas found a reduction in crime due to the better lighting as more people were on the streets. There is also target remove which is the removal of object that may become a focus of criminal activity for example the removal of trend tool and appliances from commercial/ work vehicles during out of work hours, this is done to prevent theft and vandalism of said vehicles. (Joyce, P. (2006)  Criminal  justice: an introduction to crime and the  criminal  justice  system) Zero tolerance has also been suggested as a form crime prevention and was launched on the back of the broken window thesis (Wilson and Kelling 1982) which suggested petty crimes such as ‘vandalism’ were rectified quickly so for example if a window was broken in an area it would be fixed in order to give th e impression that the area was cared for. So zero tolerance meant that the perpetrators of said minor transgression would dealt with severely by law enforcement. This policy was delivered as a ‘hard edged’ manner to regaining the streets for law abiding citizens this approach could be criticised by the left realist approach as it plays on moral panics and is not considering why petty crimes may have taken place it just offers a quick fix solution. An argument in favour of zero tolerance I that police ntervention on minor offence could help deter the perpetrators from moving to more serious crimes. (Joyce, P. (2006)  Criminal  justice: an introduction to crime and the  criminal  justice  system) The managerial approach is in favour of zero tolerance as it is seen to be cost effective form of control of the identification and classification of risks of crime and is an efficient form of monitoring performance of similar competitive organizational target and is not concern with the out side world as long a s it internal goal are meet. For example zero tolerance reducing the over all crime rate. (Muncie J et al (edited) 1996 Criminological Perspectives, A reader) In 2003 another form of crime prevention and zero tolerance toward anti-social behaviour was but on the agenda in aim was to ‘take a stand against anti-social behaviour’ which follow what was know as the ‘respect agenda’. The anti-social behaviour act (2003) introduced several secondary crime preventative measures to deal youth offenders. For example in order to prevent graffiti taking place the anti-social behaviour act restrict the sale of aerosol paint to children and it also allows school and local authorities and youth offending to find a means to work with or punish to perpetrators of anti-social behaviour, for example banning them from the town centre at certain time and not allowing hoodies to be worn on the premises. Newburn. T (2007) criticized the anti-social behaviour act by saying that the impact it has is unknown and asks whether it is just a means of fast tracking the more persistent offenders into custody. Davies, M. , Croall, H. and Tyrer, J. (2010) Criminal  justice. 4th edn. ) Task 3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of discussions on abolition in particular the work of De Haan. (approx. 500 words 4. 1 Willem De Haam argues that crime is a result of social order and believes that punishment is not the appropriate reaction, instead the criminal justice system should work with and interference with the personal live of the perpetrates of offences and offer a maximum amount of care services of to all members of society is suggested. The notion would be rejected by the right realist approach as it goes against the persuasion that perpetrators of crime do of the own free will and there for should be punished accordingly. The term ‘abolitionism’ stand for a social movement that is based on a theoretical perspective and political strategy and is consider as a radical critique of the criminal justice system and show that the are more rational ways of dealing with crime other than imprisonment. The abolitionist call for a wide variety of social responses to crime rather that the currant uniformed state reaction to the problem. De Haam argues that it should be seen as a social policy rather than a crime policy as he believes that dealing with social problems that are currently singled of as crime. The abolitionist anti-prison movement emerged at the end of the 1960 its main objective was to soften the suffering in which society inflict on its prison population this implies that a change is needed in the general thinking concerning punishment and the humanization of imprisonment in the short run followed by a replacement of the prison system by more adequate and up-to-date forms of crime control. Abolitionists also argue that countries such as the UK where their prisons are over crowded are simply ‘warehousing ‘ in order to prevent them from reoffending. (Abolitionism and crime control: a contradiction in term; in the politics of crime control, eds K. Stenson. and D. Cowell 1991) A contemporary argument for the humanization of prisoners was made by the Pauline Campbell a trustee of the Howard League for penal reform, following the death of Campbell’s daughter Sarah while on suicide watch in the care of HMP and YOL Styal Cheshire January 2003 after she experienced a brutal regime for 24 hour before her death.